Protocolo de atendimento e seguimento fisioterapêutico na fibrose cí­stica / Protocol for physical therapy follow-up and monitoring in cystic fibrosis patients

A Fibrose Cí­stica (FC) requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar culminando em um complexo regime terapêutico. A fisioterapia tem papel fundamental na depuração das vias aéreas, melhora da ventilação pulmonar e da tolerância ao exercí­cio. No entanto, aspectos como acompanhamento da evolução clí­nica do paciente, identificação de perí­odos de exacerbação pulmonar e avaliação da adesão ao tratamento também fazem parte da rotina fisioterapêutica. Com o objetivo de contemplar os principais instrumentos disponí­veis que auxiliam em um melhor controle, acompanhamento e avaliação de pacientes com FC, elaborou-se o PASFIC - Protocolo de Atendimento e Seguimento Fisioterapêutico na Fibrose Cí­stica. Este protocolo inclui 10 critérios: 1) fisioterapia respiratória, 2) escore de gravidade, 3) escores de exacerbação pulmonar, 4) avaliação do peso e da estatura, 5) avaliação respiratória, 6) espirometria, 7) coleta de secreção das vias respiratórias, 8) aderência, 9) habilidades funcionais, 10) anormalidades posturais. A finalidade do PASFIC é caracterizar a população, identificar as alterações clí­nicas e acompanhar a evolução clí­nica e o atendimento fisioterapêutico de pacientes com FC, viabilizando suporte assistencial individualizado, uma melhor adesão ao tratamento e intervenção precoce durante as agudizações pulmonares, facilitando a monitorização pela equipe multiprofissional, otimizando o atendimento de pacientes com FC. (AU)

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) requires multidisciplinary approach culminating in a complex treatment regimen. Physical therapy is an important factor for better management of the disease, playing a key role in airway clearance, lung ventilation and exercise tolerance improvement. However, aspects such as monitoring of patients clinical evolution, identification of periods of acute pulmonary exacerbations and assessment of treatment adherence are also part of the physical therapy routine. In order to cover all instruments that help improve control, monitoring and evaluation of CF patients, a systematic protocol has been developed to qualify and quantify CF patients` interventions data. It includes 10 criteria: 1) Monitoring of physiotherapy techniques, 2) Application of severity score, 3) Application of pulmonary exacerbation scores, 4) Weight and height measurements, 5) Evaluation of respiratory system, 6) Systematic spirometry, 7) Airway secretion collection and register, 8) Monitoring of adherence to treatment, 9) Assessment of functional abilities, and 10) Postural abnormalities. The aim is to characterize the CF population, to identify clinical alterations and to follow up on the disease evolution and physiotherapy assistance for CF patients, as well as to allow individualized care and support, better treatment adherence, and early intervention for pulmonary exacerbations. (AU)

Comparação de diferentes testes funcionais de membros inferiores em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: há concordância entre eles? / Comparison of different functional tests of lower limbs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: there is concordance between them?

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) apresentam diminuição da capacidade funcional, tornando imprescindível a sua avaliação por meio de testes físicos funcionais. OBJETIVOS: Comparar, em pacientes com DPOC, saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), dispneia e fadiga de membros inferiores (MMII) nos testes de caminhada de seis minutos em corredor (TC6) e em pista oval (TC6Po), do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) e de sentar-e-levantar da cadeira de dois minutos (TSL). Além disso, pretende-se verificar se há correlação e concordância dessas variáveis entre o TC6 e os demais testes. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 11 pacientes com DPOC (71 ± 8 anos, VEF1 < 80% previsto) por meio dos testes. RESULTADOS: Na análise intertestes, não se observaram diferenças significativas nos deltas da SpO2, dispneia (Δdispneia) e fadiga de MMII (ΔfadigaMMII). Constatou-se correlação significante, mas não concordância entre os menores valores da SpO2 no TC6 com os menores valores da SpO2 nos TC6Po, TD6 e TSL, sendo a média da diferença entre as médias com ± 1,96 desvio padrão: 0,8 ± 3,5; -1,9 ± 3,5 e -2,5 ± 4,6, respectivamente; entre Δdispneia e ΔfadigaMMII no TC6 com Δdispneia e ΔfadigaMMII no TC6Po: 0,0 ± 1,0 e 0,4 ± 0,8, respectivamente; e do ΔfadigaMMII no TC6 com ΔfadigaMMII no TSL: 0,1 ± 1,1. CONCLUSÃO: Os testes funcionais produziram respostas de oxigenação e perceptuais de esforço semelhantes em magnitude. Entretanto, de acordo com as variáveis analisadas, não foi encontrada concordância entre o TC6 com os demais testes, pelas grandes variações dos limites de concordância e grande variação interindividual, assim o TC6Po, TD6 e TSL não substitui o TC6.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have reduced functional capacity, becoming indispensable to their evaluation through functional physical tests. OBJECTIVE: To compare the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), dyspnea and fatigue of the lower limbs (LL), between the six-minute walk test in hallway (6MWT) and the of oval track (6MWToT), the six-minute step test (6MST) and the sit--to-stand test (STST), in patients with COPD; also verifying correlate and concordance of these variables between 6MWT and other tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with COPD (72 ± 7 years, FEV1 < 80% predicted) were assessed using the functional tests. RESULTS: In the inter-tests analysis, there was no significant difference in SpO2 and in the change in dyspnea (Δdyspnea) and fatigue in the lower-limbs (ΔfatigueLL) between rest and exercise of peak (Δ). Significant correlation were observed, but no concordance between the lowest values of SpO2 in the 6MWT with lowest values of SpO2 in 6MWToT, 6MST and STST, and the mean of difference between the mean with standard deviation ± 1.96: 0.8 ± 3.5%, -1.9 ± 3.5% and -2.5 ± 4.6%, respectively; and between Δdyspnea and ΔfatigueLL in the 6MWT with the Δdyspnea and ΔfatigueLL in the 6MWToT: 0.0 ± 1.0 and 0.4 ± 0.8, respectively; and ΔfatigueLL in the 6MWT with ΔfatigueLL in the STST: 0.1 ± 1.1. CONCLUSION: The functional tests assess oxygenation and perceived effort responses similar in magnitude. However, according to the variables analyzed, weren't found correlation between the 6MWT with the 6MWToT, 6MST and STST, by the large variations in the limits of agreement and large interindividual variation, thereby the 6MWToT, 6MST and STST and doesn't replace the 6MWT.

Relationship between exercise capacity and quality of life in adolescents with asthma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the quality of life of adolescents with asthma correlates with parameters obtained prior to and after the six-minute step test (6MST); spirometric results after the 6MST; and level of physical activity. METHODS: Nineteen adolescents with asthma, ranging from 11-15 years of age, were assessed with spirometry, 6MST, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), and the 10-point Borg category-ratio (CR10) scale. RESULTS: Sensation of dyspnea correlated negatively with the total PAQLQ score (r = -0.54) and with the scores of its activity limitation (AL) and symptoms domains (r = -0.64 and r = -0.63, respectively), leg fatigue also correlating negatively with those same domains (r = -0.49 and r = -0.56, respectively). The total IPAQ score correlated with total PAQLQ score (r = 0.47) and with the PAQLQ AL domain (r = 0.51); IPAQ time spent walking correlated with the PAQLQ symptoms domain (r = 0.45); and IPAQ time spent in vigorous activity correlated with the AL domain (r = 0.50). In the regression analysis, only sensation of dyspnea remained significantly correlated with the total PAQLQ score and its AL domain; leg fatigue remained significantly correlated with the symptoms domain. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of physical activity indicate better quality of life, as do lower perception of dyspnea and less leg fatigue. The 6MST proved to be a viable option for evaluating exercise capacity in adolescents with asthma, because it reflects the discomfort that asthma causes during activities of daily living.

Relação da capacidade de exercício com a qualidade de vida de adolescentes asmáticos / Relationship between exercise capacity and quality of life in adolescents with asthma

OBJETIVO: Determinar se parâmetros obtidos antes e depois da realização do teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6), respostas espirométricas após o TD6 e o nível de atividade física se correlacionam com a qualidade de vida de adolescentes asmáticos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 19 adolescentes asmáticos, com idades variando de 11-15 anos, por meio de espirometria, TD6, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física), Questionário sobre a Qualidade de Vida na Asma Pediátrica (QQVAP) e escala CR10 de Borg. RESULTADOS: Houve correlações negativas entre sensação de dispneia e pontuação total do QQVAP (r = -0,54) e de seus domínios limitação nas atividades (LA) e sintomas (r = -0,64 e r = -0,63, respectivamente), assim como entre fadiga nos membros inferiores (MMII) e os mesmos domínios (r = -0,49 e r = -0,56, respectivamente). O escore total do IPAQ correlacionou-se com a pontuação total do QQVAP (r = 0,47) e o domínio LA (r = 0,51), enquanto o tempo de caminhada correlacionou-se com o domínio sintomas (r = 0,45), e o tempo de atividade intensa correlacionou-se com o domínio LA (r = 0,50). Na análise de regressão, somente a sensação de dispneia associou-se significativamente ao escore total e o domínio limitação nas atividades do QQVAP, e o mesmo ocorreu entre a fadiga dos MMII e o domínio sintomas. CONCLUSÕES: Quanto maior for o nível de atividade física e menor for a dispneia e a fadiga nos MMII, melhor é a qualidade de vida. O TD6 mostrou-se uma opção na avaliação da capacidade ao exercício desses indivíduos por refletir o incômodo que a asma provoca na prática das atividades da vida diária.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the quality of life of adolescents with asthma correlates with parameters obtained prior to and after the six-minute step test (6MST); spirometric results after the 6MST; and level of physical activity. METHODS: Nineteen adolescents with asthma, ranging from 11-15 years of age, were assessed with spirometry, 6MST, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), and the 10-point Borg category-ratio (CR10) scale. RESULTS: Sensation of dyspnea correlated negatively with the total PAQLQ score (r = -0.54) and with the scores of its activity limitation (AL) and symptoms domains (r = -0.64 and r = -0.63, respectively), leg fatigue also correlating negatively with those same domains (r = -0.49 and r = -0.56, respectively). The total IPAQ score correlated with total PAQLQ score (r = 0.47) and with the PAQLQ AL domain (r = 0.51); IPAQ time spent walking correlated with the PAQLQ symptoms domain (r = 0.45); and IPAQ time spent in vigorous activity correlated with the AL domain (r = 0.50). In the regression analysis, only sensation of dyspnea remained significantly correlated with the total PAQLQ score and its AL domain; leg fatigue remained significantly correlated with the symptoms domain. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of physical activity indicate better quality of life, as do lower perception of dyspnea and less leg fatigue. The 6MST proved to be a viable option for evaluating exercise capacity in adolescents with asthma, because it reflects the discomfort that asthma causes during activities of daily living.

Hidrocinesioterapia no tratamento fisioterapêutico de um lactente com Síndrome de Down: estudo de caso / Hydrotherapy at physiotherapy treatment for an infant with Down Syndrome: a case study

INTRODUÇÃO: Os deficit sensoriais presentes na Síndrome de Down podem interferir no controle da postura, movimentos, equilíbrio e coordenação, por isso é importante a intervenção fisioterapêutica, porém a literatura é escassa em relação aos efeitos da terapia aquática. OBJETIVO: Investigar a eficácia da hidrocinesioterapia como método complementar de tratamento fisioterapêutico na aquisição de habilidades motoras grossas de um lactente com Síndrome de Down e deficiência auditiva. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Participou da pesquisa um lactente com Síndrome de Down, sexo masculino, 1 ano e 4 meses de idade, com perda auditiva bilateral de grau severo. O desenvolvimento motor foi avaliado por meio da Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), na pré-intervenção e nas Etapas I e II da pós-intervenção. Na Etapa I, foi realizada a intervenção em solo, baseada no conceito neuroevolutivo; na Etapa II, intervenção em solo e na hidrocinesioterapia. Totalizaram ambas as etapas 24 sessões. RESULTADOS: Após as Etapas I e II, foi observado aumento de três pontos no escore bruto da AIMS, passando de 11 para 14 habilidades na Etapa I, e a 17 habilidades na Etapa II. Após a Etapa I, ocorreram ganhos de um ponto nos escores das posturas supino, sentado e em pé, e após a Etapa II, ganho de um ponto no escore da postura prona e dois na postura sentada. CONCLUSÃO: A intervenção hidroterapêutica propiciou a estimulação sensorial e o aprimoramento do controle e do fortalecimento dos músculos do tronco do lactente com Síndrome de Down, refletindo melhor desempenho motor nas posturas antigravitacionais, prona e sentada.

INTRODUCTION: The sensorial deficits presented at Down Syndrome may interfere in the posture control, movements, balance and coordination. Therefore, it the physiotherapy intervention is important. However, the literature is scarce regarding the aquatic therapy effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of hydrokinesiotherapy such as a complementary method of physiotherapy treatment in the acquisition of gross motor skills in an infant with Down Syndrome and hearing deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One infant with Down Syndrome, male, 1 year and 4 months old, with severe bilateral hearing deficiency participated of this study. The gross motor development was assessed by Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), which was applied in pre-intervention and in Step I and II post-intervention. Step I was physiotherapy intervention on the floor based on Neuroevolutive Concept. Step II was Neuroevolutive Concept plus hydrokynesiotherapy. Both the steps were conducted in 24 sessions. RESULTS: After Step I and II, there was an increase of three points in total score of AIMS, ranging from 11 to 14 and from 14 to 17, respectively. After Step I, one point increased in postures supine, sitting and standing; one and two points increased in the posture prone and sitting respectively, after Step II. CONCLUSION: Hydrokinesiotherapy improved the sensorial stimulation and control and strengthening of muscles of the trunk, reflecting a better motor performance of antigravity postures, prone and sitting.

Infants with Down syndrome: percentage and age for acquisition of gross motor skills.

The literature is bereft of information about the age at which infants with Down syndrome (DS) acquire motor skills and the percentage of infants that do so by the age of 12 months. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the difference in age, in relation to typical infants, at which motor skills were acquired and the percentage of infants with DS that acquire them in the first year of life. Infants with DS (N=20) and typical infants (N=25), both aged between 3 and 12 months, were evaluated monthly using the AIMS. In the prone position, a difference of up to 3 months was found for the acquisition of the 3rd to 16th skill. There was a difference in the percentage of infants with DS who acquired the 10th to 21st skill (from 71% to 7%). In the supine position, a difference of up to one month was found from the 3rd to 7th skill; however, 100% were able to perform these skills. In the sitting position, a difference of 1-4 months was found from the 1st to 12th skill, ranging from 69% to 29% from the 9th to 12th. In the upright position, the difference was 2-3 months from the 3rd to 8th skill. Only 13% acquired the 8th skill and no other skill was acquired up to the age of 12 months. The more complex the skills the greater the difference in age between typical infants and those with DS and the lower the percentage of DS individuals who performed the skills in the prone, sitting and upright positions. None of the DS infants were able to stand without support.

Teste do degrau e teste da cadeira: comportamento das respostas metábolo-ventilatórias e cardiovasculares na DPOC / Step test and sit-to-stand test: behavior of metabolic, ventilatory and cardiovascular responses in patients with COPD

OBJETIVOS: Verificar as respostas metabólicas, ventilatórias, cardiovasculares e de percepção de esforço entre o isotime de dois minutos do teste do degrau (TD2) e o teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) com o teste de sentar-se e levantar-se da cadeira de dois minutos (TSL) nos indivíduos com DPOC. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 11 homens com DPOC (71 ± 8 anos, VEF1 = 46,1 ± 15,2% previsto), clinicamente estáveis, por meio do TD6 e TSL associados à análise de gases e à coleta de lactato sanguíneo, realizadas em dias diferentes e não consecutivos. No TD2 e TD6, os indivíduos foram instruídos a subir e descer um degrau de 20 cm de altura o mais rápido possível. O mesmo foi recomendado no TSL, que foi realizado em uma cadeira de 46 cm de altura. RESULTADOS:Na análise intertestes não se observou diferença significativa nas variáveis metábolo-ventilatórias, cardiovasculares e Δdispneia no pico de ambos os testes, bem como no TD2. Quanto ao Δfrequκncia cardíaca e ao Δfadiga nos membros inferiores, constataram-se valores significantemente maiores para o TSL comparado ao TD2; e correlações positivas entre o consumo de oxigênio, Δfrequência cardíaca e os desempenhos no TD2 e TD6, entre os desempenhos no TD6 e TSL, e no TD2 com TSL. CONCLUSÃO:Os testes realizados apresentaram respostas metábolo-ventilatórias, cardiovasculares e dispneia similares; e o TD2 mostrou-se uma alternativa para avaliar as limitações funcionais dos indivíduos com DPOC de obstrução grave, proporcionando menor estresse cardiovascular e fadiga muscular se comparado ao TSL, pelas exigências metabólicas periféricas e ajustes posturais.

OBJECTIVES: Verify the metabolic, ventilatory, cardiovascular and perceived effort responses between the isotime two minute step test (2MST) and six minute step test (6MST) with two minute sit-to-stand test (STST) in individuals with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS:11 men with COPD (71 ± 8 years, FEV1 = 46.1 ± 15.2% predicted), clinically stable, were evaluation by STST and 6MST associated gas analysis and blood lactate in days which were not consecutive and not coincidental. In the 6MST and 2MST, the subjects were instructed ascend-to-descend a step 20 cm in height as quickly as possible. It was recommended that in the STST was performed in a chair 46 cm high. RESULTS: In the inter-tests analysis, there was no significant difference in the metabolic, ventilatory, cardiovascular variables and delta of variation (Δ) dyspnea at the peak of both tests, and 2MST. The Δheart frequency and Δfatigue in the lower limbs were significantly higher compared to STST for 2MST. We observed moderate and strong positive correlations between oxygen consumption, Δheart frequency and performances in 2MST and 6MST, between performances in 6MST and STST, and 2MST with STST. CONCLUSION: The tests showed metabolic, ventilatory, cardiovascular and dyspnoea responses similar; and 2MST, can be alternative to assess the functional limitations of individuals with COPD severe obstruction, providing a lower cardiovascular stress and muscle fatigue compared to the STST, the peripheral metabolic requirements and postural adjustments.

Description of the motor development of 3-12 month old infants with Down syndrome: the influence of the postural body position.

The purpose of the present study was to describe the rate of motor development in infants with Down syndrome in the age range of 3-12 months and identify the difficulties both in performance and acquiring motor skills in prone, supine, sitting and standing positions. Nineteen infants with Down syndrome and 25 healthy full term typical infants were assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) monthly from 3 to 12 months of age. The infants with Down syndrome achieved significant later the level of motor performance of the typical infants. In the supine posture, the performance was significantly lesser for the Down syndrome infants in comparison to the typical infants from the 3rd to 6th month and in the 8th month. In the prone, sitting and standing postures this difference is found for all the months. In conclusion, the sequence of motor development of the Down syndrome is the same as the typical infants. However infants with Down syndrome need more time to acquire skills, mainly antigravitational ones, among them the standing position.

Relação da medida da amplitude tóraco-abdominal de adolescentes asmáticos e saudáveis com seu desempenho físico / Relationship of the measure of the amplitude thoracoabdominal in asthmatics and healthy adolescents with the physical performance

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças das amplitudes tóraco-abdominais nos três níveis (axilar, xifoide e abdominal), nos adolescentes asmáticos e nos saudáveis, e compará-las entre eles. Além de relacioná-las com a capacidade de exercício físico. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliados 38adolescentes, na faixa etária dos 11 aos 15 anos, de ambos os sexos, sendo 19 adolescentes asmáticos, que compuseram o grupo asmático (GA), e 19 saudáveis, que compuseram o grupo saudável (GS). Foi preenchida uma ficha de anamnese e realizada a avaliação antropométrica, espirométrica, o teste do degrau deseis minutos (TD6) e a cirtometria, e calculado o índice de amplitude tóraco-abdominal (IA) Resultados:Observou-se diferença significativa para IA entre os níveis axilar e abdominal e xifoidiano e abdominal em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença significativa quanto ao IA entre os grupos. Somente no GA houve correlação positiva do número total de subidas no TD6 com o IA axilar e xifoide. Conclusão: Para adolescentes com asma intermitente e persistente leve não houve diferença na cirtometria tóraco-abdominal quando comparados aos saudáveis e houve correlação dos IA axilar e xifoidiano com o desempenho físico no TD6.

AIMS: The aims were verify the differences of amplitude thoracoabdominal by cirtometry, at the levels axillary, xiphoid and abdominal in asthmatics and healthy adolescents and to compare the difference between them. In addition correlate them with the physical exercise capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty eight adolescents were assessed, aged from 11 to 15 years, of both sex. Nineteen were asthmatic adolescent, which composed the asthmatic group (AG), and nineteen were health adolescents, which composed the healthy group (HG). A clinical history was provided and all subjects were submitted an anthropometric and spirometric evaluation, the six minute step test (6MST), the cirtometry, and was calculated the amplitude thoracoabdominal index (TAI).RESULTS: Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed to TAI, between axillary and abdominal levels, and xiphoid and abdominal levels in both group. No significant difference in regard to TAI between groups. Only in the AG there was positive correlation of the total number of ascent in the 6MST with the axillary and xiphoid TAI (r = 0,57 e r = 0,50; p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: There were no difference in the thoracic and abdominal cirtometry in adolescents with intermittent and persistent mild asthma when compared with the healthy adolescents and there were correlation axillary and xiphoid TAI with the physical performance in the 6MST.

Relationship of BODE Index to functional tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a correlation between the BODE Index and variables assessed during the Activities of Daily Living assessment, performance on lower limber tests, and peripheral muscle impairment of the upper limb in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten men (aged 58 to 80 years old) with moderate to very severe obstruction were evaluated and classified by the BODE Index. They were evaluated by pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and carbonic gas production (VCO2) on the ADL assessment; Distance Walking (DW) in the Six Minute Walking Test (6MWT) and the Six Minute Walking Test on Treadmill (6MWTT); number of repetitions in the Sit-to-Stand Test; and the Hand Grip Strength Test. Correlations were evaluated between the classification and the tests performed (Pearson and Spearman test, p<0.05). RESULTS: The mean of the total score for the BODE Index was 2.80 (+/-1.03), with three patients scoring in the first quartile (Q1) and seven scoring in the second quartile (Q2). This Index showed a negative correlation with the 6MWTT (r=-0.86), the Sit-to-Stand Test (r=-0.66), and the Hand Grip Strength Test (r=-0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that there is no correlation between the BODE Index and the ventilatory and metabolic responses in the Activities of Daily Living assessment. On the other hand, a correlation was observed between the BODE Index and the variables assessed in the 6MWTT, Sit-to-Stand Test, and Hand Grip Strength Test in moderate to very severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients. This suggests that these tests can be employed as predictors of physical exercise capacity, perhaps as complementary tests to the BODE Index.

Relationship of BODE Index to functional tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a correlation between the BODE Index and variables assessed during the Activities of Daily Living assessment, performance on lower limber tests, and peripheral muscle impairment of the upper limb in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten men (aged 58 to 80 years old) with moderate to very severe obstruction were evaluated and classified by the BODE Index. They were evaluated by pulmonary ventilation (V•E), oxygen consumption (V•O2), and carbonic gas production (V•CO2) on the ADL assessment; Distance Walking (DW) in the Six Minute Walking Test (6MWT) and the Six Minute Walking Test on Treadmill (6MWTT); number of repetitions in the Sit-to-Stand Test; and the Hand Grip Strength Test. Correlations were evaluated between the classification and the tests performed (Pearson and Spearman test, p<0.05). RESULTS: The mean of the total score for the BODE Index was 2.80 (±1.03), with three patients scoring in the first quartile (Q1) and seven scoring in the second quartile (Q2). This Index showed a negative correlation with the 6MWTT (r=-0.86), the Sit-to-Stand Test (r=-0.66), and the Hand Grip Strength Test (r=-0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that there is no correlation between the BODE Index and the ventilatory and metabolic responses in the Activities of Daily Living assessment. On the other hand, a correlation was observed between the BODE Index and the variables assessed in the 6MWTT, Sit-to-Stand Test, and Hand Grip Strength Test in moderate to very severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients. This suggests that these tests can be employed as predictors of physical exercise capacity, perhaps as complementary tests to the BODE Index.

Ausculta pulmonar: uma perspectiva teórica / Pulmonary auscultation: a theoretical perspective

A invenção do estetoscópio em 1816 por Laennec revolucionou a medicina no diagnóstico clínico das doenças pulmonares, pois possibilitou a ausculta clara dos sons respiratórios e a identificação desses sons de acordo com o comprometimento pulmonar. Atualmente, mesmo com toda a inovação tecnológica, a ausculta pulmonar ainda é parte imprescindível da semiologia do tórax no diagnóstico clínico de várias doenças pulmonares, sendo importante identificar e entender os sons respiratórios. Todavia, não há um consenso na literatura sobre a melhor terminologia empregada na classificação desses sons. O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar as diferentes denominações empregadas aos sons respiratórios, considerando as implicações no aprendizado e na prática dos profissionais da saúde. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de estudos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais e concluído que, apesar de várias tentativas, ainda há a necessidade de uma padronização da nomenclatura empregada, priorizando termos simples que facilitem o aprendizado e consequentemente, o diagnóstico clínico e o direcionamento das condutas empregadas, especialmente para o fisioterapeuta respiratório.